[spectre] Re: [rohrpost] MedienKunstGeschichte: Billy Cluver tot

[Andreas Broeckmann]

January 13, 2004
Billy Kluver, 76, an Engineer Who Collaborated With Artists, Dies
By KAY LARSON


Billy Kluver, a scientist and engineer whose collaborations with 
artists helped give birth to the multimedia art forms of the 1960's, 
died on Sunday at his home in Berkeley Heights, N.J. He was 76.
The cause was melanoma, said his wife, Julie Martin.
In 1966 Mr. Kluver teamed up with Robert Rauschenberg to solve the 
knotty engineering problems posed by 10 artists (Mr. Rauschenberg 
among them) who wanted to stage their art as spectacle. Mr. Kluver 
invited some 30 scientists and engineers, most of them his colleagues 
at Bell Labs, to realize dreamy ideas like snowflakes that fell 
upward and tennis rackets that gave out sounds like huge temple bells.
The outcome was "Nine Evenings: Theater and Engineering," a 
performance series that drew 14,000 visitors when it opened at the 
69th Regiment Armory in Manhattan on Oct. 13, 1966, attracting 
worldwide attention and inaugurating a fusion of art and technology 
that prefigured the arrival of countless new art forms.
Experiments in Art and Technology — the organization devised in 
September 1966 by Mr. Rauschenberg, Mr. Kluver, the artist Bob 
Whitman and a Bell Labs engineer, Fred Waldhauer — quickly became an 
instrument of ongoing collaborations. E.A.T., as the organization is 
known, earned Mr. Kluver a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres from 
France and the Royal Order of Vasa from Sweden. Mr. Kluver continued 
to match up artists and scientists as recently as last summer.
Johan Wilhelm Kluver was born in Monaco on Nov. 13, 1927, and grew up 
in Salen, Sweden. He graduated with a degree in electrical 
engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. A 
physicist by training, he fell in love with film in the 1930's. He 
kept a set of college notebooks listing in an obsessively neat hand 
every film he saw between 1942 and 1950, plus the stars, studios, 
directors and his comments and ratings of them. For his graduate 
thesis in physics, he created a Walt Disney-style animated film of 
electrons in streaming motion and attempted to sell it in Hollywood.
Film drew him to art. He served as president of the Stockholm 
University Film Society and was a co-founder of the Swedish Alliance 
of Film Societies, in the course of which he became friends with 
Pontus Hulten, at that time the director of the Moderna Museet, the 
modern art museum.
Mr. Hulten recommended Mr. Kluver to the artist Jean Tinguely, who 
was looking for engineering help in designing his self-destroying 
machine, which tore itself apart in a spray of smoke and fire in the 
garden of the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1960. One of the 
other contributors to Tinguely's machine was Mr. Rauschenberg, who 
struck up a friendship with Mr. Kluver.
Mr. Kluver was a staff scientist at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 
Murray Hill, N.J., from 1958 to 1968. He published numerous technical 
and scientific papers and holds 10 patents. Around the time of 
Tinguely's event, Mr. Kluver began making trips into Manhattan to go 
to happenings and art openings, where he met Claes Oldenburg, Jim 
Dine, John Cage, David Tudor, Robert Whitman, Andy Warhol and other 
rising stars of the New York art scene.
Mr. Kluver had a role in developing iconic works like Mr. 
Rauschenberg's sound sculpture "Oracle," Mr. Cage's electronic 
performances "Variations V" and "Variations VII," and Warhol's 
floating "Silver Clouds." The results of these and other 
collaborations gave public shape to what had been a private movement, 
a merging of art and technology that has not yet exhausted itself.
Besides his wife, he is survived by a daughter, Maja Kluver, of 
Brooklyn; a son, Kristian Patrik Kluver, of Boulder, Colo.; and two 
half-brothers, Bjorn Tarras-Wahlberg and Lorentz Lyttkens, and a 
half-sister, Ase Lyttkens, all of Stockholm.
Copyright 2004 The New York Times Company